The Obama Loan Modification Plan, An Overview

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March 2nd, 2010

This Thursday the Obama Loan Modification Plan, HAMP, will be a year old. It was on the 4^th of March, 2009 that the Obama administration started the largest and most ambitious homeowner’s aid package since the 1930s. The goal was to stop the wave of foreclosures that was destroying the housing market. The Government’s reply was huge. The aim was to help four million homeowners avoid foreclosure and they were willing to spend $75 billion to do so. How are things looking as we approach HAMP’s first birthday. By December 2009 there were nearly 760,000 loans in the trial stage of the program. This three month trial stage is designed to test if the homeowner will pay his modified loan for three months before the modification is final. However, only 31,000 homeowners had actually received a permanent loan modification by the end of 2009. Of these many had seen only the slightest of changes to their monthly payments. The Obama administration realized they needed to do more, and quickly. This triggered a list of amendments and countermeasures designed to speed up the process and open the doors to more homeowners. Soon it became obvious that the issue was not the interest rates of bad loans that were hurting homeowners but the increasing rates of unemployment that was reducing the income of homeowners that could not afford to pay for their mortgage. In fact, the fastest growing demographic in the foreclosure market consisted of homeowners with prime loans that had lost their jobs. From the beginning of the program, the Treasury Department made it very clear that the program would not cater for families that no longer had an income because of losing their job. The aid was focused on families whose income had shrunk but could still afford the payments of a modified loan. Another issue was the complexity of the loan modification process. Homeowners complained that mortgage servicers were not consistent, lost important documents regularly and did not provide accurate information. Mortgage servicers on the other hand explained that homeowners often did not provide the right documentation and were less than honest when filling forms. Treasury reacted by simplifying the system and providing greater concessions to lenders and mortgage servicers. Industry leaders often made the valid point that the HAMP plan incentives did not cover the costs and it was better for them to continue charging fees from delinquent homeowners and foreclosure proceedings than approve loan modifications. The reaction was to increase the incentives and the arm twisting of lenders that would not comply with the program’s expectations. The incentives did become rather generous for both servicers and borrowers. Every loan a servicer modified came with a $1,000 upfront payment, with an extra thousand dollars every year the homeowners was current on payments. This means the Treasury will pay $1,000 every year the borrower is not delinquent, to reduce the loan balance. However the biggest subsidy was offered to reduce the actual monthly payments of mortgages. If the lender could reduce the monthly payments to 38% of the borrower’s income the government would pay for the cost of reducing the payments to 31% of the family’s income. The problem is that these measures have not been sufficient to stem the increase in foreclosures and new guidelines are being worked on to look for a solution. Unfortunately the prospects do not look good for the second year of the Obama Loan Modification Plan.

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